2+Marshall+A

Scientific Rev. Tagxedo



 * A Bit More About: Person's Name **


 * Leonardo Da Vinci the Renaissance man, **
 * For he was so smart he needed no tan. **
 * He was one of the best painters around, **
 * Some people think he could paint the ground. **


 * Leonardo was most famous for Mona Lisa, **
 * He may have painted one named Tarisa. **
 * Leonardo had also painted the Last Supper, **
 * When he drank, he drank out of the scupper. **


 * Because he was just very scientific, **
 * If he had time, he may have found the Pacific. **
 * Nature, known to be a great part of science to him, **
 * During nature walks, he was careful to not break a limb.**


 * Leonardo had many times wanted to write,**
 * So intelligent, he thought I'd be best to not fight.**
 * One of his famous subjects was the flight of birds,**
 * Not only that, but if he wrote he would use creative words.**


 * Da Vinci, a great impact on the famous Renaissance,**
 * A lot of the times his questions greater than response.**
 * Da Vinci was full of true and great Renaissance spirit,**
 * For this last line, superb in grace, just like him, needs no rhyme.**

=__Outline__=

Renaissance:
= =

=__Student Favorite Pics__=
 * 1) ===Growth of City States: Quinn's WWII for battles and war enlarge and lose territory over land.===
 * 2) ===Humanism: Mr. Reiff's surf because it appears to be his spirituality (belief) and uses nature for thrill.===
 * 3) ===Travel and Commerce: Kelly's musical instrument playing for musicians travel from concert to concert (place to place) to play music to entertain audiences.===
 * 4) ===Achievements: Abby's soccer because soccer is a game that evolved and became a great sport just as achievements from different civilizations accomplish achievements better than the last.===

=__Renaissance PDF Multiple Projects__=

City-States:
=media type="custom" key="15438482"= =Humanism:= ==

Trade and Commerce:
__ Commerce and Trade __

The Renaissance is a flowering plant of culture.

With lots of sunlight and water and air,

The plant produced fruit for no vultures.

One of the reasons the plant grew,

Was because of trade and commerce.

This helped but a few others too.

Goods from the Middle East and Asia.

They all came from many places.

Who knows? Maybe even Malaysia.

Marco Polo had told many tales of the East.

So many people were interested sparking travel.

Many travelers thought it would be as fun as a feast.

This entire rebirth from Classical and Roman times,

Many trade routes many and wealthy patrons.

All of these spices from peppers to limes.

Trade and commerce it was,

That was part of helping the Renaissance.

Bless it for it is still around today (to the max).

Group as well as Halt a respected knight (expert swordsman) and Will's friend, Horace.
Marshall Austin 3/19/12 History P3

**//__ Over the Mountains, Through the Forests, and Under the King __//**

Life After Fall of Rome:

The wind was blowing fast when Ranger Marcus Wright came in through the cabin door after a morning scout around his house. His mind was racing through the past events that he had just encountered. Marcus, belonging to Kingdom Maverick in the Northern Territories of England, had just found out that the Southern Territories had just been abandoned from the Roman Empire. Word got out that they left overnight due to the rapid decline in their structure.

“That doesn’t make any sense.” Marcus said to himself.

Why would the greatest European Empire of its time fall? But Marcus knew that at some point, every empire falls, from small too big. But now that the land is free, the kingdom should enlarge its territories. His kingdom was sent by the Anglo-Saxons to place a foothold and wait for Rome to relinquish the land so they could take it. His kingdom succeeded in placing the foothold and now that they could take over England, he will probably get sent on another assignment to go to the ex-Roman/England capital in the Southern Territories and neutralize and flush out any left-over Romans and resisting forces. Marcus knew that the land will hold towns and villages, but none of them really would really put up a fight.

Marcus was leaving the cabin to saddle up his horse, Shadow, when one of the Ranger Corps messengers came riding horseback up to him with a letter in his hands.

“Ranger Marcus, Excuse me, Ranger Marcus.” said the messenger, “Forgive me for my abrupt appearance but Ranger Commandant Arley told me to give you this letter.”

“Oh, great, thank you very much. I probably know what the letter is about but ok. Hey, just wondering, how did you find me?” Marcus asked.

“Oh, well I was looking for Ranger Marcus and I went to Ranger Halt which I figured was your former master and I asked him where you were and he gave me directions to here.” He replied. “But anyways, I have to go give out more letters. Have a nice day!” He said as he rode off.

“Hey Shadow, I wonder what Arley sent me now.” Marcus said sarcastically.

Shadow snorted, //Let me guess, you have a new assignment//. Marcus thought briefly, does all rangers talk to their horses and is it natural? But nevertheless, he opened the envelope and looked at the letter.

Ranger Marcus Wright,

As you know, word is out that the Roman Empire has left the Southern Territories to its own devices. Well guess what? Ranger Halt, Tyler, and you are going to be sent out as the Task Group that dislodges problems when it arises. You are to travel to the Southern Capital and tell the civilians that we will be arriving. You should scare away other undesirables and remaining Romans. I just got a message telling me that there a few Roman bands in the area. Just to let you know, we are undergoing Operation Cease Fire and you are to use your negotiation skills to get them out. However, if the need arises you may use you weapons but for now, no bloodshed. I know you know when the need comes around.

To add on, you can send a pigeon or Tyler back to give the signal and we will come marching up in a heap and just take it over. Of course with kindly manners though, we aren’t the Vikings. Well, you don’t need to see me and the Gathering is only 8 months away plus it shouldn’t take you that long. You aren’t going cross country for this mission. Get Tyler and Ranger Halt and be on your way. By the way, we will be preparing as you’re gone and the army will be on stand-by and ready to go. So move fast. You’re one of the best.

Ranger Commandant Arley

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Marcus, Tyler, and Halt were on the road heading toward the capital, Beltica. They were riding on a narrow road and so far, the road was another boring straight-away. The terrain was pretty grassy and flat. Once they left Maverick they started with a canter but then broke into a trot. They didn’t encounter any problems but they passed a few by-passers along the road, went through a few villages, bridges, etc. Marcus could finally see the capital. It was surrounded by high walls with defenses on the outside. He heard that Beltica was really busy but he could see that it wasn’t. It looked they there was barely anyone there. But he knew he figured out when he got there.

“Hey Halt?” Marcus asked.

“Yeah?” Halt replied.

“I can start to see the city. Should we get into a gallop?” he asked.

“Sure.” Halt replied.

“How can you guys see that far? I sure can’t.” Ron said.

Marcus heard Shadow snort a reply to his question, //That is why they’re rangers.//

As they sped up, Marcus could tell the gates were wide open as if someone knew they were coming. Passing through the gates, Marcus also noticed that Beltica was full of people but it looked deserted. Maybe it was on purpose? But either way, he still was in the city. Marcus could tell that many people were cowering away from them and letting them through the crowds. What Marcus was also surprised to see was that he could see that among those people were Roman soldiers with their uniforms, shields, swords, and spears. They weren’t a big force but they looked like they were armed. This may not turn out as perfect as Marcus thought. Before they left Maverick, Halt told Marcus that all they had to do was just tell the lord of the city that they were coming and that they would cooperate with them. Then they would send the message back to the kingdom.

“Hey, Tyler?” he asked, “Loosen your sword, you may need it.”

“Will do,” he replied. “But don’t forget the Operation.”

“I won’t.”

Then Marcus noticed that the Romans noticed the two strangers with massive longbows and cowl-hooded cloaks as well as the tall stranger wearing armor and a sword. One Roman shouted to another and they started to blow whistles. One by one, soldiers poured out of pillars like water from a bucket. As they came out the civilians exited the streets and into buildings away from the action as if they were used to it happening like some sort of practice drill.

One soldier said, “Stop where you are and do not move. I am talking to you two with the cloaks and you too.” He said pointing at Tyler. “Everyone else can leave.”

“Now for you two, put your hands above your head. Do not pull out anything or else you’ll see.” Another said.

As Marcus could see, none of them were armed with ranged weapons but only with close-combat. Then one soldier with four others came up to them and took away their weapons. From longbow to sword and scabbard they all disappeared. Marcus’s head was spinning. Why hadn’t his horse sensed it? After all, his horse is able to do that. He has done it before. But either way, they were in big trouble. Because of the new operation, Marcus hesitated, but without the hesitation, he and Halt would have dropped one third of them before they pulled out there weapons.

“We have come to speak with your leader. We bring you no harm so if you could, would you please let us be on our way again?” Halt said.

The soldiers looked at one another.

Then the one who seemed to be the captain finally said, “I think that may not be possible. You have already broken many rules.”

“How have we broken any…” Tyler screamed in pain before he could finish his sentence as one soldier threw his spear digging into Tyler’s shoulder. As Marcus could see, the spear had pierced the side of his shoulder, not completely going through. Tyler barely saw it coming and managed to bring his shield up however he was too late. Then it happened it a flash. Shadow and Halt’s horse, Abelard, attacked on instinct and hit the two Roman soldiers with their weapons. Both Marcus’s and Halt’s knives went up in the air and were caught by their owners. Jumping off their horses, Marcus and Halt went into the double-knife defense using the Saxe knife as there blade base and the throwing knife as the leverage. Tyler was still fighting no matter what happened and already had his sword in hand fighting three at once. Tyler was an extraordinary swordsman with great and unbelievable talent. Marcus estimated 10 Roman soldiers with two unconscious, three busy with Tyler, one fighting Halt, one fighting himself, and three - including the captain - trying to tame their horses. Halt knocked the Roman soldier into a food stand and heard the captain yell at the others, asking them where their five crossbowmen were. That gave Halt and Marcus information.

With speed as fast and lightning, Halt picked up his bow, knocked, drew and anchored, and fired repeatedly. Sending three volleys down into their targets, three crossbowmen fell out of a balcony, out of a window, and off a roof. Hitting the ground onto two of the soldiers dealing with the Ranger’s horses, it distracted the three fighting Tyler giving him the advantage and backed them up by a fountain tripping them in the process and into the fountain. They tried to get out but Tyler quickly picked up a wooden board and hit the three in the head with one swift swing and then tied them up in a bundle around the fountain base as they desperately tried to regain their strength.

Halt, using his bow, aimed at the Roman soldier Marcus was having trouble with.

“Drop your weapons. Resist and you get shot.” Halt said.

“I thought we were under Operation Cea…” Marcus shushed Tyler before he could finish. The Roman soldier dropped his weapons and stood up with his arms above his head.

“I can’t believe I didn’t help at all. I did not do anything except toy and fight without succeeding with that guy.” Marcus said pointing to the conscious Roman soldier.

“It’s alright Marcus, you made a mistake and that happens, as long as you don’t make it again though.” Halt said. “Here take your bow, you’ll feel more comfortable with it. “

Halt handed Marcus his bow and quiver.

“So if we are going to the capital building, we should disguise ourselves in case word gets out.” Tyler said. “How about I dress up as a Roman soldier and say you two are with me if anyone asks. Sound like a plan?”

“Yes it does. Good job Tyler, that’s what we’re going to do.” Halt replied. “Tyler, take any one of these men’s gear off and put it on. It’ll do you good.”

Tyler started to unstrap the armor off one of the soldiers and put it on.

“Hey, Halt?” Marcus asked.

“Yeah?”

“The captain escaped.”

“Yeah, I know. We are going to leave once Tyler is ready.” He replied.

“One more thing.” Marcus added. “There are two more crossbowmen.”

Marcus nocked, drew, anchored, and fired two rapid volleys in different directions all giving the same result, target hit.

“Wow, really good Marcus. I missed that. But we make mistakes and won’t make them again.” Halt said.

Marcus felt he made up the mistake he had made earlier. In no time, Roman soldiers will be flooding through here. Tyler finished putting on the gear.

“How do I look?” Tyler asked.

“Really good.” Marcus said. “Let’s get out of here before more problems arrive.

They picked up their belongings and left the place as quick as a flash.

On the road, they started to see more and more people further towards the capital building with the capital lord. They made checkmarks as they were riding. They passed a crowd of people around an entertainer, an inn. They went over a bridge and saw a fisherman, through numerous wide streets until they neared the gates to the capital building. The guards realized that one of the three strangers was wearing Roman armor. He was about the tallest of the three with the other cloaked figures with longbows over their shoulders with a double-knife scabbard on their waist. They figured they were with them and just let them through the gates. That must mean security must be low, Marcus thought.

They entered the Great Hall of the palace and went into the Capital Lord’s quarters.

Marcus took off his hood and looked at the capital lord. He was somewhat tall and skinny however he had a very straight-forward face with a steady gaze.

“Who must these be, soldier?” he asked referring to the two rangers.

“They are my scouts and foresters; we were just scouting the area for any signs of newcomers or any wild game.” Tyler replied.

“They look like foreigners themselves. But either way, what is your purpose of presence here?” he asked.

“We have come to negotiate.” Tyler replied.

“What are you talking about?” he said. “Soldiers don’t negotiate.”

“You are very right.” Tyler said “Halt, Marcus, I’ll let you take it from here.”

“Excuse me your majesty.” Halt began” We, like he said, have come to negotiate. In days’ time, a large and excessive force of soldiers, not Roman, will be taking this land. We were sent to bring you the news. You have 2 options, let us come right up here and take it. Or resist and lose. We will supply everything you need. We aren’t barbaric and we are very nice and humble people. Do you agree?”

The capital lord shifted in his chair. He thought about for a while.

“Well look, since the majority of Romans have left, there really is no governing force. We really need that but we don’t have it. This place needs to be kept under control. As long as I hold my power, you make take it.” He replied. “Whatever you do, do not sack, burn, or pillage anything. I will send out the word to the people across the land. But your force will have to scare away the rest of the Romans. Done deal?”

“Done deal.” Halt said as he stepped forward and shook hands. “We will be back with a major force soon. In the meantime, do what you need to do. Have a nice day and good bye.”

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On the road back to Kingdom Maverick they were. They had done something great but in very little time and effort. This was one of their easiest missions to come. However, one can’t tell when the next one hits and if it may be easy, or hard.

Magna Carta Party:

This was one of the most important nights of Marcus’s life.

It was the year 1215 and Magna Carta had just been issued. King John had proclaimed liberties and had just accepted that his will isn’t arbitrary. Marcus was extremely happy that the king had shown some honor and respect for his position. The feudal barons such as Baron Harold and his comrades had forced this subject onto him. This will probably lead to a constitutional law to Marcus’s kingdom. King John had been unruly and self-centered in the past. This is to show him that he is bound by law, Marcus thought.

Marcus was in the ballroom of London and the place was full of excitement and people. Marcus with a few other rangers was sent to be eyes and ears for the Ranger Council and Ranger Commandant Arley. But they also had another objective. One that they don’t usually do, have fun. Marcus could tell that the party was somewhat civilized. The place was full of many important people however. Many barons and high officials as well as the King’s Inner Council. The one thing they were missing though was the King. The King was not all too happy about what he had been forced to sign but needed to. It served him right and did well for the kingdom.

“The party hasn’t gotten bad so far.” Halt told Marcus.

Marcus took a look around and thought.

“Yeah, you could say so.” Marcus replied. “Do you think something bad is going to happen?”

“Well usually something does.” Halt replied. “Someone who is not happy about what had just happened or just a drunken baron. Who knows? But we should stop them before anything gets out of hand.”

Marcus nodded. He moved away and lurked in the shadows of the bushes and neared a group of people in a conversation just to monitor.

“…King John should’ve signed that Magna Carta and issued it a long time ago. He needed to.” One guy said. He was short with a scruffy orange beard. Marcus could tell he was a commoner.

“Yeah, I agree. He has been so self-conscious and has only cared about himself.” Another said.

“I wouldn’t be sad if he was assassinated. He has done little help since Richard the Lionheart had died. He was the best leader I have ever heard of.” The other said.

Marcus moved away. He thought that it would be best to do something else in the meantime than to here three men bag on King John about his reputation. Halt, Gilan, Harrison, Merron, Will, and he were in the area while the other 44 were stationed at other places. Tyler and the rest of Marcus’s friends were back in Moonmist fief.

The party was almost over and nothing had happened so far. A ranger always had to expect for the worse to happen in case it did happen they would be ready. He also should be away from the center of attention. Then someone stood up on a podium with a group following him. He rang a big bell grabbing everyone’s attention.

“Good evening fellow celebration mates, we all know why we are here. An English charter has been signed by the King and has been issued. Long live Magna Carta! Every monarch must limit his powers by law. It is important for an English-speaking country to abide by these constitutional laws. This doesn’t limit the powers of the king; it is a symbol to his people that he serves by the law. Thank you King John for showing an act of honor, duty, and leadership, Long live the King!” He exclaimed.

The night was over for Marcus as he knew it.

The Black Death:

The leaves were as orange as ever in the October forest-floor. Ranger Marcus Wright had just come back from his mission in Corellia and was on the road riding towards Kingdom of Maverick were all his friends were. Marcus had gotten news that medieval spirits had stricken the towns 55 miles to the southwest of him. Life wasn’t easy in that area. Luckily for Marcus, he was in the southeast. Marcus was wondering what could have happened to make so much commotion.

He was 5 miles from Maverick, and was nearing a turn in the road leading you do a bridge going over the River Ouse. Maverick was only 3.5 miles from there. Most of Marcus assignments involved crossing that bridge so Marcus had used that as a directional and guiding landmark. Marcus looked up at the sun-risen sky and then looked down at the leaf covered ground below him. Marcus could tell that Fall had come and that the cold winter nights would resume again. The year seemed to have gone by fast, Marcus thought. Maybe it was the action packed into this year that made it so fast. Like they say, “Time goes by fast when you’re having fun.” Marcus was wondering if this was true or if it seemed like it did.

Marcus looked at his horse, Shadow, and saw curiousness in his eyes. Shadow was at times hard to read but when he wanted to, he could give you a lot of information with his expression and mood.

Marcus finally could see the bridge and he started to cross over it. The bridge was always sturdy and never fell or was closed. It was a strong bridge and Marcus could see that it still was strong.

Marcus realized he was getting side-tracked a lot. He should be paying more attention to the road and any dangers that he could encounter. As Marcus got off the bridge, Marcus horse thrummed.

“Where?” Marcus whispered.

His horse shook his head to right. Marcus pretended as if nothing happened and kept moving as he was for ten seconds until he finally could see movement out of the corner of his eye. Then, out of the blue, Marcus had an arrow drawn and pointed at the direction where the movement was.

“Come out with your hands above your head. Immediately or else I will have an arrow through your calf. Quickly.” Marcus said.

Marcus started to see movement in the trees and 5 seconds later a familiar figure came out from hiding. It was Tyler.

“Jeez, you made my heart pound really fast. You had me there for a little.” Marcus said.

“Oh, I was just seeing if I could try and out match you in unseen movement.” Tyler said.

“Ha. Funny, no one could possibly hear a giant elephant in shining armor wearing a cloak trampling and stomping through the forest thinking he is a ranger.” Marcus joked.

“Very funny, but you know what?” Tyler asked.

“What…”Marcus didn’t finish because he felt a familiar arm seizing his neck. Marcus was in shock and in embarrassment. He realized that he had been tricked. Tyler was supposed to be the decoy as the stranger behind him, Halt, was to actually carry out the deed. Marcus should’ve noticed.

“Okay Halt, you got me this time. I lost. I should’ve paid attention more.” Marcus admitted.

“Ha, no kidding. Your horse was trying to warn you. You didn’t notice?” Halt asked.

“No, I just was surprised to see Tyler that I didn’t pay attention.” Marcus replied.

Halt shook his head.

“Marcus, remember, not matter what situation in your in, you have to pay attention to your horse –if you are with it – and your surroundings, K?”

“Yes, I understand.” Marcus replied.

“Alright, now let’s get back home.” Tyler said.

“Did you guys walk all the way here?” Marcus asked.

Halt nodded.

“Alright, now let’s get out of here. Maverick is not that far away.”

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Marcus, Halt and Tyler could see the castle from a distance. Marcus was riding over the drawbridge as he looked down in the moat. The water was starting to fill up again, he thought. Marcus was going through the gates when his face turned pale white. Marcus was stricken.

Everywhere Marcus looked, there was garbage and junk. As Marcus was riding through the gloomy streets of once a wonderful and colorful town he could see dead horse carcasses and other animals in the streets.

“Halt, looks like a tornado came through here.” Marcus said.

“Yeah I know, I just started to see that.” Halt said.

Marcus was puzzled.

“Wait, so you haven’t been here?” he asked.

“No. I had to go do some negotiating with a manor lord who didn’t pay his taxes and brought Tyler along with me.” Halt replied. “I haven’t been here since. Therefore, when we left, the place was spic and span.”

“Yeah, no kidding; now it’s the opposite.” Tyler commented.

Marcus was overwhelmed and wondered if any of this had to do with the rumors of evil spirits back in the southwest. These conditions had grown poor since the time he left and it seems as though if this was happening everywhere. Could it be that many people were getting sick or perhaps that a plague or natural disasters had come? Marcus didn’t know but he knew that he would figure out. He has to see the baron to figure this problem out and see what’s happening.

“Hey Halt?” Marcus asked. “Do you think we should talk to the barons and see what’s the problem and if there is anything we could do to fix it and help?”

“Yeah, let’s check it out.” Halt replied. “This isn’t right.”

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Marcus was surprised in disbelief. The castle looked the same as the village, in ruins and in mess. Could this be a nightmare he couldn’t wake up from? But Marcus thought again and touched his horse’s mane. He could feel it alright, it wasn’t a dream. Shadow looked up at him in curiosity. //What was that all about?//

“Nothing, just wondering.” Marcus said.

Marcus, with his two companions were riding over another drawbridge and through heavy gates. They were in the corridor entrance and were riding of cobblestone. They were in the court of the castle and in awe. There weren’t as many guards as there usually are. In fact, there was very less.

Marcus, Tyler, and Halt got off their horses and put them in the stables. They then walked into the Great Hall. There was the baron surrounded by his council members and the other officials.

“Excuse us Mr. Baron but we like to have a word with you.” Halt said. “Is that ok?”

Baron Harold looked at the members around his table.

“Yes, you can.” He replied. “We have finished discussing our matters. You may go.”

The baron dismissed his people.

“Now what is it you would like to talk about?” he asked.

“My lord, what has happened around here in Moonmist fief? Everything seems so dull but ruined and sad.” Halt began.

“Yes, Halt, I know you very well and I would never lie to you. You have served me faithfully and you have never let me down. But Halt, England is in a sad time right now. All over Europe as well, rumor has it that evil spirits are secretly killing off people and giving them these extreme signs that no one has ever seen. Ever since the trade routes from Asia were established, everything went downhill. Maybe some infectious disease had arrived but we don’t know. One can only imagine what technology we will have in the future to defeat these problems and prevent them from happening.” Baron Harold replied.

“If I may, but do you think that rats had carried the disease because back in southwest England on my way here, there were many reports of rats everywhere. Which could mean that they had come since the trade routes were created used furthermore extend the other reports of small bugs biting on villagers giving them irregular bite marks therefore proving my theory into a self-explanatory case.” Marcus was gasping for air when he finished.

“Really good Marcus, you said that quite fast. But that to me is a reasonable theory. Don’t you think so too baron?” Halt said.

“You know actually I do. But either way, you must leave the city. Gather all your friends and loved ones and leave to a remote location. I myself am leaving with my family and the rest of the council, they’ve made their plans. This is only the beginning. It will get a lot worse so you should leave.” Baron Harold said.

“Baron Harold’s right, we should leave. Baron, I bid you a do. Have a safe trip.” Tyler said.

“You too Tyler, we’ll see each other once this is over.” Baron finished.

Christian Church:

The weather was perfect for Marcus. It fitted where he was going to go. Marcus was going to visit a monastery in Greenleaf fief. Greenleaf fief was one of the fiefs that ad the greatest monasteries and religious order. The fief was immensely Christian and religious. Marcus was off duty for a week so he decided to go talk to a monk as one of the things he should do while on vacation.

“Hello, excuse me, could you help me?” Marcus asked a man next to a carriage. “Do you know where the monastery is?”

“Yes, as a matter of fact, I do.” He said. “The monastery is the big building behind the lake over there.”

He was pointing to a big dome-type, gold and white building. The lake in front of it was quite beautiful, very colorful and unique. It stood out well from its neighbor too, Marcus thought.

“Thank you very much sir. Have a nice day.” He saluted the man.

“You too.” He saluted back.

Marcus was on his way to talk to a monk and learn a lot about Christianity. Marcus was exited and was wondering about what he might learn. Marcus was riding in the streets as he passed other riders. Marcus took a look around and noticed that everyone was happy and cheerful. He then focused back on the monastery and saw that he was nearing the gates. Marcus was allowed through so he put Shadow in the stables.

“I will be right back. Don’t worry because this won’t take long. I just want to learn more. Ok?” Marcus asked.

Shadow nodded shaking his mane around.

“Ok, great, I’ll see you in a few.” Marcus said as he left the stables and climbed up the stairs and through the entrance.

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“Hello, nice to meet you. What is your name?” the monk asked.

Marcus looked around and saw the monk sitting in a chair looking through a window facing the lake.

“Oh, my name is Marcus, Marcus Wright, nice to meet you. I am curious and I have a ton of questions to ask. This is fascinating.” Marcus said.

“Ok, great. Go ahead and start.” The monk said.

Marcus took a seat as the monk turned his chair around.

“So who is like the head or runs the churches everywhere?” Marcus asked.

“Well the clergy of course. They are a group of people who are the religious leaders. I myself, am a monk.” He responded.

“Do people like you have to follow strict rules and things like that?” Marcus asked as he shifted his chair.

The monk seemed calm.

“Yes we do. This is called religious order where we half to take vows in order to be who we are. The Franciscans, Jesuits, and Trappists are religious orders.” The monk replied.

“Is there any important people to Christianity?”

“Yes there is.” The monk said. “To start with there is Francis of Assisi and Thomas Aquinas. Francis of Assisi, or actually Saint Francis of Assisi, was an Italian Catholic preacher and friar who most importantly created the Franciscan order.

Saint Thomas Aquinas was an Italian priest but Dominican. He was part of the Roman Catholic Church. He had influenced many others by his philosophies.”

“Wow, they must’ve been very famous and important.” Marcus was astonished. “I have two more questions. What is the natural law and what is a friar? I heard about it on the way here.”

“Well, Marcus, natural law is a belief system that we follow. Natural law undergoes and emphasizes human nature. It is a reason and not a revelation. Now a friar is basically what I am, a member of religious order who is really under the four orders.” The monk finished. “Will that be it?”

“Yes it will. Thank you very much for this. This was a great experience and I will remember this. Have a nice day and thank you very much” Marcus said as he was leaving.

“You too.” the monk said back.

Marcus was surprised about what he had just learned in the past minutes.

This would be one of the best vacations ever.

100 Year War:

Marcus was surprised. England and France had engaged in war. William the Conqueror had become king because he had won at the Battle of Hastings. He had brought Normandy in France with England and had ruled land in France as well. Marcus had heard the king of France had died and there weren’t any people to take the crown. Then there was a sister who had a son who wanted the crown however the French authorities thought the dead king’s cousin should have it. That was as far as Marcus knew.

But why should Marcus care? He should care because he is one of the most skilled archers of England. During the Battle of Hastings and after it, the longbow had become the most feared weapon on the battlefield. Prior to the battle, Marcus was already an extremely skilled archer. Although he didn’t participate in the battle, he may have to participate in the war. There were many lords and such looking for archers. Therefore, young men in villages were to practice archery making the great availability of skilled archers.

There was a knocking on Marcus’s cabin door.

“Hello. What’s your name?” Marcus asked.

“I am the village messenger.”

Marcus opened the door.

“I have come to tell you that the village is in need of your skills in archery to right in the war with France. You are to report to the village battle-practice grounds.” The messenger said.

I am sorry, but I am a ranger and I also receive my orders and assignments from the Ranger council, not the village council. I cannot report in. But have a nice day.” Marcus said.

“Ok, if you say so. I have to tell the counselor but whatever. Bye.” The messenger said as he ran off.

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“So Marcus, Did you hear about this new French teenager who has been leading French armies into victorious battles? This must be astonishing and morale-boosting for the French. We may have to go fight ourselves and bring Tyler with us saying he the warrior of such and such and his so great and use one of their common tales to our own advantage like we usually do on journeys like that.” Halt said.

“Yeah, good point.” Marcus said.

Marcus and Halt were at the Gathering. The Gathering was a large meeting where rangers all over England came to discuss matters and such. It only happened once a year and Marcus was at it today.

“Hey Halt?” Marcus asked.

“Yeah?”

“Am I going to be sent to the war?”

“I don’t think so. The kingdom needs protectors and spies to find out any French working covert. That is when we come in. After all, we are the eyes and ears, not the infantry. Hey Marcus.” Halt said as he pointed up the Ranger commandant Arley on the podium. “He is going to speak and he may answer your question.”

“Ok. I am listening.”

“Rangers of all fiefs, may I have your attention please. As you all know, or at least most of you know. England and France are at war. There have been many stories from Joan of Arc to Edward III. Some are true and others are not, but either way it is our job to remain calm and stationary in England. We will resume our current fiefs but with more security and carefulness. Alright? You know the rest.” The commandant said.

Marcus knew he was going to have more action than ever before.

Visit to Spain:

Marcus’s vacation was ending soon and he had one last place he wanted to see, Spain. Marcus really wanted to learn about Spain too, and so that is why he was going there. He had already boarded a ship to Spain and he could start to see Spain on the horizon.

The sun was rising giving the visibility of Spain’s shores a few miles away. When he got to Spain, he would first go see a historian and ask some questions to have a better understanding. Marcus had already thought of what the subjects he would focus his questions on: Reconquista, Heresy, King Ferdinand, Queen Isabella, Spanish Inquisition, and the Discrimination of Jews.

This was going to be quite interesting Marcus thought.

“Land Ho!” said the watchman posted in the nest.

Marcus looked closely and he could see the port with docks where they would be landing. The day looked beautiful, the sun was up, the land was green and yellow, and this was going to be great Marcus thought.

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The historic center was beautifully furnished. There many stained glass windows, paintings, ornaments, and many other fancy items and decorations. Spain must be one of the most artistic countries in Europe, Marcus wondered. Marcus had no need to tether Shadow to the wooden poles for Shadow would stay put until Marcus would come back.

“Hello. Beautiful day isn’t it?” Marcus greeted a young woman over the counter at the historic center.

“Yes, actually it is one of the firsts.” She said as she got up. She picked up a heavy stack of papers off the table.

“May I help you carry those?” Marcus asked.

“Yes you may. Thank you very much. It’s sometimes gets very tiring having to give these out to people.” She remarked.

They were walking towards a man by the entrance who then noticed them.

“Yeah I know. It must be.” Marcus said. “Do you want me to give it to him?”

Marcus pointed over to the man.

“Yes, he is the one who will take it from here.” She said as she and Marcus handed over the papers.

“Do you know where I could find a historian in the area?” Marcus asked.

“Yeah, it’s the door right over there.” She replied pointing to a brightly colored door.

“Ok, great, and thank you. We’ll see each other again. I have some other things to do here. Have a nice day.” Marcus waved bye.

“You too. See you later.” She said and Marcus was off.

Marcus was already wondering what the historian might say when he asked his questions.

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“Good afternoon Mr. Treati. I have just arrived in Spain and I had some questions that I was looking the answer to so I could have a better understanding. Can you help me?” Marcus asked.

“Yes I can. Let’s start with the first one.” He said.

“Ok, great, thank you. I keep hearing the name Reconquista, what is it?” Marcus asked.

“Well the Reconquista was a success of Christian kingdoms in which they tried to take over the part of the Iberian Peninsula that was controlled by Muslims.” He said. “It has been a great success and we are very happy for it.”

“Oh, sounds like a great victory, especially since the Crusades have failed many times. But anyways, what was the Spanish inquisition?”

“The Spanish inquisition is known as a tribunal that was created by a few important people to control and maintain Catholic societies and religion in our towns and villages but just as well as in the castle. There is an important seal that is very well known. You may here Holy Office too which is the same thing as the inquisition. It would be hard to keep everything together without it.” He said.

“Oh yes, I have another question which I am quite curious about. I heard that someone had been accused with heresy. What does that mean? Is it bad?”

“Oh yes it is bad. Heresy is a charge accused to someone who had broken or done something ad against religions order and law. Basically a violation of the code. You may have heard of Joan of Arc?” he asked.

“Yes I have, a great leader in the 100 years’ war.” Marcus replied.

“Yes, her, she was accused of heresy.” He said.

“Oh she was?” Marcus shifted in his chair and looked down. “That’s sad. I have one more question. Are there any important monarchs here in Spain that I may want to know about?” Marcus asked.

“Well yes, there are two people right now, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand. King Ferdinand was King of Spain twice so far. He is known as “Ferdinand the Desired” or also “The Felon King”. Queen Isabella is the first Queen regnant of Spain. She refused to lead in some wars but she has now been crowned Queen alongside King Ferdinand. These two are the most important you should know right now. Will that be it?”

“Yes. This was great and thank for your help. Have a great day.” Marcus said

“Yes and you also have a nice day. Bye.” He said.

Marcus was excited about his new arrival in Spain.

The Crusades:

John. John Wright was the brother Marcus was talking to. John had joined the Crusades to the East while Marcus remained in England to be part of the Ranger Corps. They both took different paths but they were extremely skilled in warfare and military.

“So John, I know the crusades have ended. Can you tell me a little about them?” Marcus began.

“Yes brother. Sure, show me what you got. After all I am a crusader.” John said.

Marcus sat down. They were in his cabin and John had just come back from the fourth crusade. When John came to visit it was a surprise and John had told him he was amazed that he was still alive.

“So what was the purpose of the Crusades?” Marcus asked.

John made a grin. Then he sat down across from Marcus.

“You don’t know? Well to take back the Holy Land of course. We had to take it back from the Muslims. We Christians had to fight back and recapture it. It is our land. But sadly we failed to complete it though. However we did get something. We desperately kept trying to take it away from Saladin but he had many more people at his disposal. He also had fighters that knew the land better than we did.” he replied.

“Who led the Crusaders that is famous in England?”

There was a short pause as his brother tried to think.

“Hmmmm...Well, Richard the Lionheart or King Richard was extremely famous and very brave and honest. He was loyal and he led the Crusades into battle.” He said.

“How many crusades were there?” Marcus asked.

“There were mainly four. After that there were some small ones, but nothing really big after that.” John replied.

“Thank you very much brother for having this talk and giving me an update on how things are in the East. I’m hungry, do you want to get lunch” Marcus asked.

“Yeah sure, I’m always hungry, you knew that since childhood and you still know that now.” His brother replied.

Marcus felt great being reunited with his brother. Times were great.

King Henry vs. Pope Gregory:

Marcus was having dinner with his friends and family, his friends Tyler, Halt, Jessica, Ginny, Horace, Will, and his brother John.

“So what do you guys think about this new problem of King Henry and Pope Gregory?” Halt asked.

“Well I think that it’s nonsense. What I am trying to say is that King Henry wanted to divorce his wife right? So then why should Gregory want to excommunicate Henry from the church? Was it because Gregory tried to change the rules so Henry tried to fire him and that is why he did it? Who knows but what I have heard is that King Henry kicked Catholicism out of England.”

“I heard that Pope Gregory wanted to change the religious rules so the King tried to fire him. But I personally think that that the King has greater authority and he should get rid of the pope.” Jessica added.

The food was served. The feast was a great one with many different types and delicacies as well.

“I think the King is going to go back to Pope Gregory and ask for forgiveness. I mean, I wouldn’t want to be excommunicated.” Tyler said before taking a sip of his drink.

“Yeah, I agree with you Tyler. But we may know that the Roman Catholic Church and Christianity may encounter problems and other conflicts.” Marcus said.

“Well let’s summarize on what we have heard so far. Shall we?” Halt asked. “One side of the story is that King Henry wanted to divorce his wife but Pope Gregory thought that was unworthy so he excommunicated him from the Catholic church. But another side of the story says the Pope Gregory wanted to change the rules and laws so King Henry got mad. King Henry tried to get rid of Pope Gregory but he excommunicated him from the church. Now both sides are each against either King Henry or Pope Gregory. There is another comment that King Henry will ask for forgiveness from the Pope and another that King Henry kicked out Catholicism. Only some of these will be true, but for now we don’t know unless we here the whole story. For now, let’s enjoy our dinner.”

Marcus smiled as Halt finished.

Eulogy:

What is happening in Europe after the Middle Ages? “After the Middle Ages there a time period known as the Renaissance. The Renaissance brought back art and music as well as many talents that were lost in the Fall of Rome. It was like Rome reborn. Warfare levels began to decrease slowly for the costs were much more dangerous and populations began to increase as well. Many people were traveling overseas for their own purposes introducing human travel instead of shipping travel only used. These times were much brighter than the European Medieval Age superstition and war.”

Citations/ References Page:

Flanagan, J. (2004). The Ruins of Gorlan. United States: Philomel.

Flanagan, J. (2005). The Burning Bridge. United States: Philomel.

Flanagan, J. (2005). The Icebound Land. United States: Philomel.

Flanagan, J. (2008). Battle for Skandia. United States: Philomel

Flanagan, J. (2008). The Sorcerer in the North. United States: Philomel

Flanagan, J. (2009). The Siege of Macindaw. United States: Philomel

Flanagan, J. (2010). Erak’s Ransom. United States: Philomel.

Flanagan, J. (2010). The Kings of Clonmel. United States: Philomel.

Flanagan, J. (2010). Halt’s Peril. United States: Philomel.

Magna Carta. (n.d.). Wikipedia.com. Retrieved April 05, 2012, from Wikipedia.com website: []

clergy. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved April 05, 2012, from Dictionary.com website: []

religious order. (n.d.). The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. Retrieved April 05, 2012, from Dictionary.com website: []

Robinson, P. (1909). St. Francis of Assisi. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved April 5, 2012 from New Advent: []

Kennedy, D. (1912). St. Thomas Aquinas. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved April 5, 2012 from New Advent: []

natural law. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved April 05, 2012, from Dictionary.com website: []

3/13 What is feudalism? Feudalism is a social system based on classes. It runs each class with a certain level of dominance. Given by the Crown. 3/14 What is chivalry? Chivalry is a traditional code of honor. Chivalry is practiced by knights and is expressed in knighthood. Chivalry isn't a word you hear often today. So chivalry basically governs the actions of knights such as fighting, manners, etc. 3/20 What was justice like in the Middle Ages? Justice was at first done by either trial by ordeal or trial by combat. Then it got stricter and as it progressed, it became that you were a criminal if you "disturbed the king's peace". Justice was held and controlled by the king and great lords. To finalize, justice in the Middle Ages had flaws and discriminations. 3/21 Impact of Medieval fairs? Medieval fairs brought impact in buisness and money. It was the birth place of coroporations and major buisnesses. This was the origin of it. It also made it easier for customers to shop than having to go door to door to get a certain product. This started employment and it gave craftsmen time and availability to spread skills and ideas. 3/22 Items you researched, most significant event? 1. Life After Fall of Rome 2.“ I was last in **Rome** in AD 540 when it was full of Goths and their heavy horses. It has changed a great deal since then. ” Robert Graves. 3. The fall or the Roman Empire was the beginning for the Middle Ages. It ignited the flames of a very complex time.

3/30

Socratic seminar: Class systems US and Middle Ages Site 1 US Class System Site 2 Feudal System

On your wiki, Link: http://www.joebageant.com/joe/2010/08/understanding-america.html
 * 1) please bullet your ideas about both websites
 * 2) write 2 higher level questions for each of the sites
 * 3) find a website that supports your thinking and post the link it to your wiki.
 * 4) Web page search Destiny
 * Social Stratification - The website clearly explains social stratification through the American class system, social mobility, explanations of it, and the patterns as well. The information is well put and sophisticated with great details.
 * Medieval Life: Feudalism - The website gives a better understanding of the Feudal system in Medieval Europe. It explains on how it was originated and it aslo refers to other topics too. This website gives the guidelines of how the feudal system was ruled and who did what to those below and those higher.
 * 1) Is it possible, now in a more sophisticated environment, for the American class system to fall?
 * 2) What would've have been different if a different social class system was used in Medieval Europe other than feudalism?

2. It really takes place in cities and countries all over Europe. There isn't a specific place where there's warfare. It is everywhere. Warfare is used by all countries for many things.
===3. Medieval warfare is the warfare of the Middle Ages. There was a lot of technological advances such as siege, defense, offense, fortifications, recruiting, weaponry, plundering, foraging, naval, supplying and many other tactics as well. During this time, there were many medieval conquerors such as the Arabs, the Vikings, the Mongols, the Turks, the Hungarians, the Normans, the Anlgo-Saxans, the English and a few others. They were all great powers that fought for land, money, power and other benefits. There were also rise of infantry in which units such as the Swiss pikemen and the Welsh and English longbowmen adapted and grew more vital to the battlefield. Men-at-arms and heavy and light cavalry also came into play. The heavy cavalry were one of the most important units to the battlefield as well. Another thing to take note on is that animals were used like camels, hunting and take-down dogs, horses, elephants, pigs and pigeons. Medieval warfare was a time where organization became very important. Battle tactics were also important too. A book released during the late 4th century known as De Re Militari contained information on military knowledge. Fortifications were also very important and gave rise to modern warfare. Land raids from the Arabs and Mongols from the East and sea borne raids from the Vikings from the West came through Europe sacking, burning, and pillaging. This was a major trouble and so fortifications had to be used. Walls and especially castles were developed in Europe and then they spread to Southwestern Asia and they took it from there. Once fortifications were built, then the raiders and other powers needed some tactic to use ass a counter. So that was when siege warfare was used. Siege machinery and engines such as battering rams, siege towers, and catapults: mangonel, onager, ballista, and trebuchet were used. But then the defenders had to do something back. So they made moats, drawbridges, porticullises, and barbicans. They also made arrow slits for archers to use and0 fire back down on the intruding army. This became a back and forth battle between offense and defense. They even did mining and made tunnels as well. The great powers roaming Medieval Europe was mainly the Vikings from Norway. The English and Anglo-Saxons from England. Finally, the Normans from Italy, France, Armenia and a few other countries. The Vikings were brutal and scary sea-borne raiders that traveled a lot by ship. They did coastal raids and peaceful towns and took everything that wasn't nailed down. They were extensive users of the Battle-Axe and they evolved into a berserker rage in battle. They took a lot down in the rage. They consisted of mainly foot soldiers and didn't like riding horseback. A lot of historians think its ironic that they can handle a tossing and turvy ship with crashing and rolling waves but can't ride on a peaceful and delicate animal. They were fearless warriors but no matter there reputation in battle they really were an army of their word. If they ever swore to an oath they followed it. They didn't break them. So they were really honest and trustworthy people. This empire was offensive. The English were more farmers than soldiers. So they did a lot of plundering and foraging - "Living off the land"- and they didn't need very many supplies. They were good harvesters and could plan really well on a battlefield having a lot of knowledge of the terrain, dangers, and much more they could use to their advantage. They were balanced with foot soldiers and cavalry but really all forces used their heavy cavalry and used it well. The force was made up of men who believed in their country and they were strongly patriotic. They were fond of the sword but also the bow. Once many learned of the bow being an extensive weapon for hunting. They used this advantage in range on the battlefield. Inventors of the English Longbow, an efficient weapon, strengthened their reputation. This force also used their archers and used it to their own advantages. Some say from ways away, an English army with archers can take out half of an incoming horde of Vikings. They also had naval forces but they were mainly defensive. They had a nice fertile land that today is known as England and a lot of others were jealous and tried to take it over. However this country was defendable and was defended by the English properly. The Normans were a really efficient empire that had a purpose, gain more land. They originated in Italy of a small force and then strengthened to a large empire taking over all of Italy, Armenia, France and a few others. Once France was token over, they made it the capital. It also became home to the King and Queen. The Normans were extensive users of their cavalry, both light and heavy, and they were really good experts in their horses. All in all, these empires fought and fought in many battles with their advantages and they tried to destroy the others. It was a hectic time.=== ===4. Medieval warfare was extremely significant. This determined the territory of certain empires. Not only territory but riches and power as well. This enlarged empires too. This was the whole idea of disagreeing and fighting countries. These empires fought once the call was made in politics. They were like the club in a disagreement where one didn't pay his rent. Medieval warfare was one of the most significant concepts in the Middle Ages. When some one were to hear Medieval times or the Middle Ages, most would picture a ttall and strong knight on a horse waving a lance or a broadsword leading his troops into battle. The mental picture of the image is accurate.=== ===5. []===

For each of your 4 events answer the following: ( answer each event separately)

 * 1) Find a relative starting year and ending year: if none apply write 400 and 1200
 * 2) Where is it taking place? Find a city near it. write the name of the city and country.
 * 3) Describe in a well-written paragraph what your event was: (large part of your grade)
 * 4) In a separate paragraph explain the significance of your event.
 * 5) Find and paste a URL of an image of your event.

Warm-Ups 3/2 1. They were close to rivers and running water sources. It gave them a lot of water. 2/28 1. I thought the Crusades were the most interesting because of them fighting for God and fighting religiously. Fighting for land and money and power. The lands have the crops and the resources. Very important. 2/27 1. What do you know about the Middle Ages? The middle ages was a time in history (being very famous) where there were societies and class systems that cam in to play. Knights and their chivalry roamed the lands guarding their territories. Yeomen in the forest practicing there archery skills and their hunting aand tracking as well. They were the masters of the woodlands. As their were the empires that fought over land, power, money and riches. The Normans and the Vikings battling it out with battles and wars. It was a chatoic time but there was a lot of royalty too and respecdt for the king. Peasants and the people of each country mingled among the lands wanting for bloodshed and hangings too happen. Vikings ruled the seas and the Normans and te English roamed land. There were kings who used there empires and fought. There were horses and princesses and cruel punishments and jousting. Jousting, very, very famous sport. Points won on both opponents and lances and stuff too. Really good times. By far my favorite unit. 3/7 What was interesting about others posts? They were all really done well planned. They also were all around the same time and in the same place. Well elaborated. 3/12 What was life like after Rome ? There was a lot of distinction between kingdoms. There was feudalism and social classes too. Many fights for land, money, and power. Education was low and war was more important. Safety was also more important than food, jobs, and other stuff.

Wiki Analysis 2/23 1) Jack/Patrick First off, the bunny is inappropriate but I like the Prezi. There is some work to be done but other than that there is not that much to say. There also could a little better organization and creativeness too. I like the colors and format of the wiki. You could also be more serious and use the assigned programs. 2) Abby/Rachel This one I liked. It was simple but it gave off a lot of information. It was well organized and well done. You completed your work and did it right. You also could make it a bit more colorful on the home page but anyways well done. Your work I also think, was success. Really good pics and format for your text. Awesome. 3) Carly/Rosalinda I love the title a lot. You did a great job on assigning the work and you also did a great job on the work. Like the past two, you could do a better job on the creativeness and color in your homepage. You did pretty good on the use of the programs and maybe a little bit more pictures could do but well done. 4) Perla/Maria You guys did great on your information but you guys could spiffy up your wiki with color and self-additions. Not just the work, but adding pictures and color to your work. Make it fancy and not boring. However, you guys were straight-forward and were getting the work done. Maybe some better program use and using the correct programs. If you guys want advice look at our wiki. Good job. 5)Cole/Kevin/Savanah/Emmi You guys did the best job! You guys worked hard. Made an awesome wiki logo did your work really good. Your homepage could use color but it almost looks as good as ours. I also love the blue. The blue fits the wiki. But anyways, a great job and well done. You could also finish your work but awesome. 6) Trina/Kelly/Anna/Bria You guys definitely work creative, no doubt. I love it. Great pictures and really good wiki format with the notebook. Awesome. A little better program use and a dash of information but awesome job. Overall, you did a great job.

Warm-Ups

2/22 Mecca is important to Islam because that was were Muhammad was born and where that big mosque is. That is where you o during the month of Ramadan to worship and those things that they do and it has grown bigger and more infamous over time.

2/21 The Quran or Koran is the a book source where it holds the messages from God that were given to Muhammad.

2/16 Muhammad is the founder of Islam. He is very important to that religion.

2/15

5 pillars of Islam. Belief- You have to believe in Monotheism.

Worship- You have to pray 5 times a day.

Almsgiving- You have to practice giving.

Fasting- You have to fast to be close to God.

Pilgrimage- You have to go to Mecca and do stuff. 2/13 The greatest achievement of Islam is probably going to be their religion. It is common in the middle east and it is wide spread all around those Urban countries. The religion has converted a lot of people towards it a nd has grown to a great size. It is followed by a lot of people and it has become notorious and grew much greater than the Mormon religion.

2/9

The sandstorms is like a sacred devil that is severe and doesn't save.

The deserts of Arabia are dry like a dead organism.

The dunes grow taller every day and then fall because it can't make up its mind.

The sand storms rules the deserts and chooses what lives and what dies.

The bandits raid across the desert burning anything that is nailed down into a flaming inferno of the underworld.

The rogue bandits take everything that isn't nailed down or stuck onto a hard rock.

Travelers are on a mission traveling peacefully through the desert routes waiting 'till they get to the next well or a town.

The oasis to a parched traveler on a camel is like heaven.

Sunshine in the afternoon feels like bees stinging on flesh.

The sand jumped as if the camel's foot was a meteor pounding on a crowd.

The deserted dry desert is as deserted as my dessert plate.

The slick snooping snakes slither around the sand.

2/1 On your wiki page, write a reflection for your presentation on Rome. Think about ways to improve and things you did well.

ISLAM Unit Preview: In the textbook, pg 50 -99, read around each image in the unit. For 20 of the images create a high level question.

Islam Preview Unit:
Image #1) Pg 73 1st pic, Why were there no outer walls to protect the homes from invaders? Image #2) Pg 57 Whole page, Why are they on the streets? Image #3) Pg 58 1st pic, Why don't they clean up the spilled rice? Image #4) Pg 62 Map pic, Why didn't Islam spread throughout all of the Arabian peninsula? Image #5) Pg 51 c. 570 on time line, Could someone else have been the founder Islam? Image #6) Pg 51 the biggest pic, Why so may people? Image #7) Pg 50 next to words California Standards, What does a bear have to do wit the Rise of Islam? Image #8) Pg 62 the pic next to map, Is the mosque protected by guards? Image #9) Pg 63 the only pic, What does that mean or translate into? Image #10) Pg 67 the 1st pic, Are they reading the Qur'an? Image #11) Pg 71 only pic, Is Allah the same as god? Image #12) Pg 64 1st pic, Are those people sitting in a pattern for a reason? Image #13) Pg 60 the time line, Are the Qu'ran and the Bible meant to look alike? Image #14) Pg 60 time line, How come the Torah is a scroll and not a book? Image #15) Pg 52 next to time line, Is there a max limit of people in a caravan? Image #16) Pg 65 the pic with door, Does citizens with higher classes have polished and intricate dorrs? Image #17) Pg 65 next to pic w/ door, Do all houses have "The Hand of Fatimah"? Image #18) Pg 67 only pic, Are they wearing clothes with colors so they pattern? Image #19) Pg 68 only pic, Do all muslims picture The Five Pillars of Islam that way? Image #20) Pg 55 the map, Did caravans go into Europe?

1/24

** What lessons can the American government and people learn from the fall of the Roman Empire? **
 * 1) Title you assignment: Learning From the Fall of Rome
 * 2) Answer the question in a short paragraph.
 * 3) Edit / Revise your paragraph
 * 4) Read a colleague's post
 * 5) Post your meaningful thoughts on their discussion board
 * 6) Start with positive comments and then kindly/professionally give advice. (be careful when you...) (don't forget to check for grammar / spelling errors)
 * 7) Repeat 4-6 for 2 more posts
 * 8) Respond to other's advice

1) Which theory does the cartoon best relate to? Explain.
This mainly relates to inflation however has a little bit of unemployment to it. One the building it says Bert's Bargains Bin basically meaning it has to do with driving bargains due to a certain currency having low value therefore making them have to bargain. Though there is a line waiting to go inside the building. The people in the line appear to be carrying brief cases, newspapers, purses, and wearing suits like their going to work. But this best relates to unemployment as they are waiting in line to go into the building to get a chance to get employed. This happened a lot in Rome which may have led to its fall. Though there are actually other theories that are more reasonable. We also definitely see this in the US.

**2)** Which theory does the cartoon best relate to? Explain.
This obviously is relating to inflation. In this scene there is a board (which would probably be the first thing you notice) that has all the prices crossed out for a pound, half a pound, and a quarter pound. And below that it says per slice: $6.00 where the whole, half, and quarter pounds were $3, $4, and $5. This basically says that they raised the prices. This was a big problem for the Roman Empire as the money and currency became less valuable. We although see some of this in the US. Gas prices are raising and the dollar is becoming less valuable.

3) Which theory does the cartoon best relate to? Explain.
Here, this scene is showing military spending. At first I saw political corruption for some reason (I Don't Know Why) but then I realized that this was military spenidng. In the scene there is a big military general taking all the money away for the war and defenses against the barbarians. There is also a woman with her child asking if there will be money for education but it is all being spent for the military. The child has a white cap, hahaha! :D. This also was a big reason for the fall of Rome, being very important. WE also definitely see this in the US also of money being spent in the Middle East to fight against Al Queda and the Taliban. In 2008, every second $5000 was being spent. Now how much is that in one week, one month, one year, 5 years?!

4) Which theory does the cartoon best relate to? Explain.
Urban Decay is the one for this one. It has hobos and homeless people on the street who are poor using trash for something. "One man's trash is another man's treasure?". There is a sign saying that the rent is $200 a month. So the people on the street were kicked out because they couldn't pay the rent. There is actually a lot of hobos on the street and the street is trashed. As in, overturned trashcans, cracked concrete that wasn't cared for, broken windows, and litter on the streets. There definitely came more crime. We see this in the US a lot but not too much. I mean, there is more hobos now than there was before. This happened a lot in Rome and in major cities. This happens in major cities too is the US such as Oakland, New York, Lincoln Park, & other places. Crime also had increased.

1/19 On your wiki:
 * 1) Post the biggest reason for the Fall of Rome
 * 2) Justify your claim
 * 3) Compare to the USA give evidence and site.
 * 4) 2 Higher-Level questions related to your claim about the USA
 * 5) 2 Higher-Level questions related to your claim about Fall of Rome
 * 6) read 4 other posts and comment on their perspective and evidence

1) The biggest reason & cause for the fall of Rome was the Barbaric Invasions. This has affected Rome the most out of the nine different reasons.

2) The Barbaric Invasions had destroyed many cities and a lot of them were sacked and burned to the ground. The Visigoths, the Huns & many others fought Rome's Empire and beat them due to the lack of troops on the Romans and then the Invasions began. Going through both Empires and through Rome also being the Empire's starting city. Like every Empire, they always have a fall.

3) Some people may think how does Barbaric Invasions have to do with the US? Or the think, there aren't any barbarians roaming through our streets burning and destroying cities. But actually, we've seen it already. The terrorist attacks on US soil are to prove these deadly crises. The 911 attack on the Twin Towers is one. Those were important landmarks until Suicide Bombers in an American Airlines Boeing 767-200ER on Flight 11 colliding into the North Tower of the World Trade Center. A United Airlines Boeing 767–222 on Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower of the World Trade Center. American Airlines Boeing 757-223 on Flight 77 collided with the Pentagon a massive building of such importance just as the Barbarians invaded Rome being a city of great importance to the Roman Empire. Another plane United Airlines Boeing 757–222 on Flight 93 heading for Washington D.C. for the Capitol or the White House (intended target not specified). We have also had an attack on US soil but it wasn't a terrorist attack, the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Air Raids on Ford Island, Hickam Air Field, & the Pacific Fleet.

9-11 Pearl Harbor 4) 2 Higher-Level questions related to your claim about the USA. a. What was the intended target for Flight 93? b. How come we got a telegraphic message for England saying that we might get attacked by the Japanese right after it happened? 5) 2 Higher-Level questions related to your claim about Fall of Rome a. If the Romans were prepared for the Barbaric Invasions, could they have fended the Barbarians off? b. Was it the emperors fault for the fall of Rome? 6) Already Done!

11/17 Your job:


 * ** Theory: **

Station 1: Decline in Morals and Values

== http://www.google.com/imgres?q=gladiator+battles&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&client=firefox-a&sa=N&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1366&bih=576&tbm=isch&tbnid=p8uEG5CD1nZkJM:&imgrefurl=http://www.murphsplace.com/gladiator/glads.html&docid=4WKhzOziKZ-E0M&imgurl=http://www.murphsplace.com/gladiator/images/Police_Verso.jpg&w=504&h=352&ei=LrgVT5idMoWOiAKZ2cy7DQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=505&vpy=143&dur=6483&hovh=188&hovw=269&tx=197&ty=100&sig=114428384748621228530&page=1&tbnh=115&tbnw=158&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&surl=1// //http://www.google.com/imgres?q=ufc&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&client=firefox-a&sa=N&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1366&bih=576&tbm=isch&tbnid=zqNsfk4Z7ekALM:&imgrefurl=http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/02/09/ufc.kick.silva.belfort/index.html&docid=ZEIUj3vVPKQ2vM&imgurl=http://i.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2011/HEALTH/02/09/ufc.kick.silva.belfort/t1larg.ufc.gi.jpg&w=640&h=360&ei=iboVT_KjIYOviQKG8KHFDQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=453&sig=114428384748621228530&page=2&tbnh=91&tbnw=162&start=22&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:17,s:22&tx=105&ty=31&surl=1
 * Picture **
 * ** Description: **
 * Roman customs and morals created & followed fell because of the lack of care.**
 * Government people were spending too much &**
 * partied often and hard. Gladiator battles took place**
 * in the Coliseum and insults were shouted from the**
 * viewers. The battles got bloody and messy but they**
 * continued all of these little problems led to the Empire's**
 * fall.**
 * . ** || ** Compare to the United States: **
 * As we can see, our government itself is doing a great amount of government**
 * spending. Our government though isn't partying to hard and too long and**
 * having all the banquets and throwing parties. However, there are gladiator-like**
 * sports and fights going on. UFC for example, it is really extreme and some**
 * people can get hurt a lot. Pictures show that you can get beat up really bad.**
 * Even if there's is blood, it doesn't stop until someone gets knocked down.**
 * There are a lot of comments shouted from the audience and some conflicts.**
 * Some people don't notice it but we may be on Rome's path also.** ||
 * Some people don't notice it but we may be on Rome's path also.** ||

Public Health
 * ** Theory: **
 * Picture **
 * Picture **

http://www.historyonthenet.com/Romans/public_health.htm
 * ** Description: **
 * A lot of the problems were just simple things that could be fixed. **
 * Health problems were like poluted waters, disease breakouts here**
 * & there, and the wealthy people death rates were increasing. To**
 * add on, a lot of death tolls took place in the bloody gladiator battles**
 * and people died consistently because of this.**
 * . ** || ** Compare to the United States: **
 * There is not much you can relate to the US with this. There is diseases here and there but not as much. **
 * They are fewer because of the new medicines created to fight these germs. Advances have tooken place **
 * in sanitation where people at that time weren't aware of this but now we are. There really aren't a lot of **
 * deaths in UFC or other fighting leagues so there isn't much that you can relate to in this area. ** ||
 * deaths in UFC or other fighting leagues so there isn't much that you can relate to in this area. ** ||

Political Corruption
 * ** Theory: **


 * ** Description: **
 * Usually every Empire encounters political corruption. **
 * This one though, hit it hard. The Romans always had**
 * a trouble picking a new emperor. Because they**
 * didn't have an election system or a good one.**
 * Plus a lot of emperors were assassinated.**
 * Plus a lot of emperors were assassinated.**


 * . ** || ** Compare to the United States: **
 * There is battle between to parties in our government for spots **
 * in presidency, Congress, etc.There may be some corruption **
 * but if anything hardly. However, we are in a time of a recession **
 * and the gas prices are rising and there also is some inflation. **
 * Not as bad as Rome though but who knows, this could only be **
 * the beginning. ** ||


 * ** Theory: **Unemployment
 * Picture **
 * Picture **


 * ** Description: **
 * This was a big problem for Rome.**
 * A lot of farmers had to pay their**
 * workmen for farming therefore**
 * it was not as cheap. Many couldn't**
 * keep their farms so they sold them**
 * or lost them. There were a lot of**
 * unemployed people and so the crime**
 * rates grew higher.** || ** Compare to the United States: **
 * This we can definitely see in the US. **
 * So many people are unemployed that **
 * there are a lot of poor people,**
 * hobos, homeless people, beggars,**
 * & whatever else you call them.**
 * Many are in need for jobs making**
 * it harder to employ people. The crime**
 * rates may have grown but not to my extent**
 * of knowledge about that certain subject.** ||
 * of knowledge about that certain subject.** ||


 * ** Theory: Inflation **


 * Picture **
 * Picture **


 * ** Description: **
 * The Roman Society suffered in a great deal in inflation. **
 * Gold flow began to decline, & prices were be raised. **
 * Many people bartered for what they bought instead of using **
 * coins. Since goldwas decreasing, less gold were in coins **
 * resulting in the value of the coins to decrease. Eventually, **
 * people paid their employees with food or clothing**
 * & taxes were paid to the government with fruits or**
 * vegetables.**
 * vegetables.**


 * . ** || ** Compare to the United States: **
 * We are definitely seeing inflation in the US. **
 * We are also suffering inflation too, a lot. The **
 * gas prices are going up. Before they were**
 * like 50 cents and now its like $1.30 or $1.49.**
 * We have seen some prices in food and clothing**
 * increase as well And people or also loosing their homes.**
 * So this means that their are more hobos, homeless dudes,**
 * people without homes, etc. The value in the dollar is decreasing**
 * and it is causing a great deal of money spent to buy certain things.**
 * We may be suffering the same problems in Rome.** ||


 * ** Theory: Urban Decay **


 * Picture **
 * Picture **


 * ** Description: Romans who had a lot of money lived in wealthy **
 * houses called a domus. Though the greater percentage of the **
 * population weren't rich. Many of them lived in apartments**
 * where it was a low class and like a 1 star compared to**
 * what we have to day. The higher you climbed up to your**
 * apartment the cheaper it was. If you didn't pay your rent you**
 * were kicked out and forced to live in the streets filled with crime.**
 * This was the source of Urban Decay.**
 * This was the source of Urban Decay.**


 * . ** || ** Compare to the United States: **
 * We may see this in the US but only in specific areas and in **
 * big cities like Oakland or Lincoln Park. A lot of peple now **
 * live in apartments where years ago most people lived**
 * in homes and houses with greater real estate and more**
 * value in the houses. Now if people even had a house it**
 * was poorly cared for but you may see houses here and there with**
 * time and money spent into them with caring people. We also see**
 * more hobos and homeless people on the streets than back then**
 * so there may be more crime.These are the likes and differences**
 * of Urban Decay.** ||


 * ** Theory: Inferior Technology **


 * Picture **
 * Picture **


 * ** Description: **
 * The Romans had a trouble keeping up with **
 * the evolution on technology. However they did manage to **
 * create the aqueducts and many other inventions as well. Some **
 * were roads and bridges. Though the creation of**
 * technology was limited so they weren't able to**
 * adapt technology to maintain their growing**
 * population so they lost territoires because**
 * they relied so much on human and animal labor.**
 * they relied so much on human and animal labor.**

.
 * . ** || ** Compare to the United States: **
 * We aren't having this trouble much. I mean, yes the Chinese **
 * are kind of ahead and doing better with technology but not by **
 * too much or a lot. Some people say we are right behind them. **
 * We invented the nuke and the sciences behind it with atoms **
 * splitting and fusion and the lot of it which opened**
 * a new weapon for warfare. We made things like**
 * hand-held devices and many other things too.**
 * So we've kept up with the rest of the world.** ||
 * ** Theory: Military Spending **


 * Picture **
 * Picture **


 * ** Description:Having to maintain and support the army **
 * fighting the barbarians withdrew a lot of money from the **
 * government. This was a big problem for Rome.**
 * This spending used up a lot of money and had**
 * less money being used for roads, farming, aqueducts**
 * etc. So the government employed foreign soldiers &**
 * city mobs.**
 * city mobs.**


 * . ** || ** Compare to the United States: **
 * We definitely see this in the US. The wars in**
 * Afghanistan and Iraq and other middle eastern**
 * countries have spent a lot of money some $5000**
 * dollars or so every second. Now think about it for**
 * one day and that is a lot of money. And for weeks, months,**
 * years, and more years?! That is a lot of money spent.**
 * Eventually this is going to have to stop or something bad will**
 * happen.** ||


 * ** Theory: Barbarians **


 * Picture **
 * Picture **


 * ** Description: **
 * As the empire grew, it gained more territory & **
 * more land. So more and more people became part **
 * of the empire. Then eventually, people began**
 * to regard the Roman culture and some revolted.**
 * Groups came through the empire and struck**
 * many cities. A barbaric group known as the huns**
 * came from the east and swept through Rome causing**
 * chaos and mayhem.**
 * chaos and mayhem.**


 * . ** || ** Compare to the United States: **
 * We have seen some of this as well. But not barbarians but **
 * more like terrorists. The 9-11 attacks on the Twin**
 * Towers of the World Trade center, the Pentago,**
 * and some random field that was meant for the**
 * White House or the Capitol. Also other attacks**
 * such as Pearl Harbor too.** ||

__Japan Terms Document__

12-9-11

 * ** Term ** || ** Details / definition ** || ** Helper word ** ||
 * **Shinto** || A traditional religion practiced by the Japanese in Ancient Times. || religion ||
 * **Zen** || Meditation; in thought; the discipline and practice of this act. || religion ||
 * **Pure Land** || To follow the teachings of a Buddha, to be ruled by a Buddha || religion ||
 * **Haiku** || A form of poetry that has 3 lines and follows 5-7-5 syllable pattern and focus on nature || poetry ||
 * **Lady Mirasaki**
 * Shikibu** || She is a fantastic writer from Japan in the Heian Period and she wrote The Tale of Gengi. ||  ||
 * **Prince Shotoku** || A leader at the time of Ancient Japan and he followed Buddhism he also is the son of Emperor Yomei. || leader ||
 * **Jimmu** || This is a myth story told by myth-tellers involving the Sun Goddess and Emperor Jimmu conquering the East. || myth ||
 * **Regent** || A person who rules when a monarch of something is not available or out. || sub ||
 * **Ainu** || A group of people that are intermixed with Mongolian Immigrants that can be told by their characteristics. || people ||
 * **The Pillow Book** || It is a book of observatations and musings for an Empress during the Heian Period. || diary ||
 * **Tanka** || A Japanese poem written with five lines. The first and third have five syllables the others have seven. || poetry ||
 * **Noh** || It’s a play that is a myth || A play ||
 * **Tale of Genji** || A story written by Lady Mirasaki Shikibu. It is kind of like a myth. || story ||
 * **Daimyo** || One person who commands a battalion of Samurai, kind of like a Captain. || Person ||
 * **Shogun** || A warlord or a general who commands the Daimyo. || General ||
 * **Samurai** || A warrior during the time of Ancient Japan, Samurai were loyal to their lords. Samurai followed the code of Bushido. || warrior ||
 * **figurehead** || A person who is the head of a group but has no real authority or responsibility. || decoy ||
 * **Bushido** || A code of honor having to do with loyalty, respect, and rather cultural with ways of life. || honor ||

1) What should we learn from Pearl Harbor?
===We should learn is that we should always be prepared for attacks like this and be aware of everything that is going on. We also learn that some countries that want power and land might and be likely to strike us revealing in devastating results telling us, again, to be prepared. Watch for the Japanese because they don't have very much land!===

2) How does what took place at Pearl Harbor relate to ideas and cultural beliefs of ancient Japan?
===Well to begin with, Japan has been a tyrannical type of country explaining why they joined the Axis. They believe in discipline and a lot having to do with suffering is done wrong and fate. This is a lot that what the Samurai believed in. This may be why they also lead to isolation.===

4) What are your feelings about the events on this day in history?
===I think this is very sad and that this was also uncalled for, but as always, was has its costs and not everything turns out in an OK. I feel a lot and sad for what happened during that time and feel a bit of hatred towards the Axis but now that is the past. But I feel that we can learn a lot from it.===

3) What effect do you think these following mountains had on Japan becoming a united country? The Hidaka Mountains, the Japanese Alps, and the Chugoku Mountains.
===A: These mountains may have caused a big obstacle for the Japanese citizens to get to others from other places. This would keep them from unifying or even if they could, it would create a big challenge.===

4) How might the amount of agricultural land in Japan affect what is grown or raised there?
===A: Well this would mean that Japan would have to do trades with other countries for the lack of agricultural land and foods but they would have a great supply source of sea food making it easy for the to trade.===

8) How do you think these neighbors might have affected Japan's history?
===A: To begin with, China and Korea were two neighbors that influenced Japan a lot. Some things to point out, the earliest Japanese writing used Chinese characters. The ideas of Confucius and Confuciunaism helped shape Japanese culture and family life. Another thing, Buddhism came to Japan from Korea. Japan sent representatives to china and Korea to learn their ways and adapt them into there culture. They also inivted people from Korea and China to live and move in to Japan to learn there ways and philosophy.===

11-15-11
Marshall Austin 11-15-11 History P3  China Notes

=
It was from 220-589. War was common and nomadic people settled in Northern China. There was cultural blending and some Chinese adopted nomads’ culture. There was Chinese culture. Buddhism spread because it promised an escape from suffering and control of the government hands changed often. Rival kingdoms were ruled by military leaders. Their economy wasn’t very great due to the war. The blending of cultures created new types of art and music. New food and clothing styles also were developed. =====

=
The Sui dynasty lasted from 589-618 (a short period) which is also 29 years. Yang Jian took over China and he was the one who ended the years of Disunion. He also conquered the south and he unified China creating the Sui Dynasty and restored order in China. Buddhism religion was very popular but there also was Confucianism and Daoism (Taoism). The Grand Canal was built that linked Northern and Southern China. The Grand Canal was a great accomplishment during the Sui Dynasty. =====

=
The Tang Dynasty lasted 289 years and was from 618-907. China grew under the Tang Dynasty. It also included eastern and central Asia. It was called the Golden Age of China. Taizong was an important Tang Ruler because he help China through, programs, reforming military, created new laws codes, and created land reform policy called equal field system. Xuan-Zong was another great ruler. During his reign the culture flourished and many fine poets wrote during his reign. Empress Wu was another Tang Ruler in 655. She was the only woman to rule China and she was vicious but intelligent and talented. She also brought stability and prosperity to China. Buddhism was the main Tang Religion until a Tang emperor launched a campaign against it and destroyed many artifacts, texts, and temples regarding the religion. However, he didn’t manage to destroy Buddhism completely. Buddhism changed when it blended with two other philosophies: Confucianism and Daoism. The Tang economy was great and there were advances in agriculture. Food surpluses also helped trade and populations. The cities also grew snd China became very rich. Porcelain was first made during this dynasty and woodblock printing was invented during the religion. Gunpowder also was invented during the late Tang for fireworks. Magnetic compasses were improved by the Tang. The artists and writers of the Tang Dynasty were some of the greatest in China. Wu Daozi painted murals and Li Bo and Du Fu wrote poems. Tang artists made clay figures of horses. In the Tang Dynasty they practiced foot binding. It was only practiced among the elite and the wealthiest parts of China. The practice was banned in China in 1912. =====

=
It lasted for 319 years and during 960-1279. China was again reunified. This also was a period of great accomplishments and the agriculture helped the economy. During the Song farming reached new heights and there were improvements in irrigation. Fast-ripening also allowed farmers to grow 2-3 crops in the time of one. Crops introduced Cotton and Tea. Extensive trade brought wealth during the Song. Chinese financial banking institutions were conducting all major banking functions by accepting deposits, making loans, and exchanging money buy the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Food surpluses helped the government and food was abundant. The population also increased and cities grew. During the Song dynasty China was the largest country in the world. Song religion consisted of Neo-Confucianism and the ideas of Confucius had a dramatic effect on the Song system of the government. Ideas were ethics and proper behavior. The Song Neo-Confucianism had government workers working in bureaucracy or group if unelected officials. To join the bureaucracy you had to pass a civil service test. =====

=
The Yuan dynasty lasted 89 years in 1279-1368. It was the time of the Mongol rule. Genghis Khan led bloody expeditions to conquer Asia. Kublai Khan, his grandson, declared himself the emperor of China in 1279. This also was the first time China was ruled by foreigners. Marco Polo, an Italian merchant, wrote a lot about the Yuan Dynasty and served in Kublai Khan’s court. Mongols spoke in a different language and they wore different clothing. Mongols also worshiped different gods and had different customs. Kublai Khan didn’t force the Chinese to accept Mongol ways but some Mongols adopted Confucianism. The Yuan economy disrupted many of the great things from the Tang and Song dynasties. Mongols kept control of the Chinese and made them pay taxes. The Yuan dynasty fell when they invaded Japan. Violent storms destroyed the forces and weakened their military. The expensive public works projects also weakened the economy and caused revolting rebellions. The final part of the fall came when a former monk named Zhu Yuanzhang led an army to a final victory over the Mongols and China also the got back into the rule of the Chinese. =====

Ming: This dynasty lasted 276 years and was in 1368-1644. Zhu Yuanzhang led a rebellion against the Mongols and had won a victory. He also became the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Emperor had a strong control and at first the Ming economy was stable and trade and sea voyages made the economy prosperous and so it increased until the end of the dynasty and trade was stopped and some isolation began. Some on the inventions and culture and arts that were made were like great ships that were longer than football fields were made and grand building projects were like the Forbidden City in Beijing with 9,000 rooms and they restored the Great Wall of China. Most of the Great Wall we see today was built during the Ming Dynasty. Soldiers and guards would send signals from the walls though many people died building the wall, possibly 8 million. The Ming fixed the Yuan dynasties destruction and in 1430 foreign trade was banned and China became isolated from the world. And the population increased.

1) Kelly 2nd (Kelly was here. I know you meant to put #2 because my picture is actually #2 not #1) (Marshall was here. Did I really put 1st? Sorry, I meant to put 2nd.)
==This image of geometric art represents Laozi mainly because it consists of a bird in nature and being nature is a key to life according to Laozi. Another thing this sign contains are peace signs. I undersand these peace signs as going with the flow.==

2) Trina's 2nd
==Confucius is the one who this image represents because it is representing Filial Piety. It represents it by the child giving the older person an orange. What also is being seen is the child helping the older person across the street.==

3) Kevin 1st
==This is probably Laozi because it consists of the colors red and blue which is representing good and evil and it also contains green waves representing nature. So Laozi thinks everything should be equal and that nature is a key.==

4) Quinn's 3rd
==Your quote is representing Confucius saying "A eagle on a perch is like a rightful person. It does not dishonor anyone around it." which basically means to follow and listen to your parents and to what they have to say. That is what Confucius tried to teach and is also known as Filial Piety. I think the eagle is a representation of a human being because they are brave, keen, and always aware and their parents are a big part of their younger life (teaching them how to fly).==

5) Emmi's 2nd
==Your quote to me is demonstrating Buddha, saying "Every day shows new harm.". Buddha tried to teach that harm is part of suffering and everybody suffers like you and you could lose something every day resembling harm also known as suffering.==

6) Maria's 1st
==I personally think this quote is representing Confucius because it is saying "Listen to your elders." and you also have to obey their orders and follow what they tell you to do with respect. Again, this is also resembling Filial Piety.==

=3 Doctrine Products= 11/15

1) Kelly 1st
===This image of geometric art represents Laozi mainly because it consists of a bird in nature and being nature is a key to life according to Laozi. Another thing this sign contains are peace signs. I undersand these peace signs as going with the flow.===

2) Trina's 2nd
===Confucius is the one who this image represents because it is representing Filial Piety. It represents it by the child giving the older person an orange. What also is being seen is the child helping the older person across the street.===

3) Kevin 1st
===This is probably Laozi because it consists of the colors red and blue which is representing good and evil and it also contains green waves representing nature. So Laozi thinks everything should be equal and that nature is a key.===

4) Quinn's 3rd
===Your quote is representing Confucius saying "A eagle on a perch is like a rightful person. It does not dishonor anyone around it." which basically means to follow and listen to your parents and to what they have to say. That is what Confucius tried to teach and is also known as Filial Piety. I think the eagle is a representation of a human being because they are brave, keen, and always aware and their parents are a big part of their younger life (teaching them how to fly).===

5) Emmi's 2nd
===Your quote to me is demonstrating Buddha, saying "Every day shows new harm.". Buddha tried to teach that harm is part of suffering and everybody suffers like you and you could lose something every day resembling harm also known as suffering.===

6) Maria's 1st
===I personally think this quote is representing Confucius because it is saying "Listen to your elders." and you also have to obey their orders and follow what they tell you to do with respect. Again, this is also resembling Filial Piety.===

Who are the following?
=media type="custom" key="11324296"=

1) It was Buddha who said that saying. He said that you shouldn't crave, desire, or covet anything and you will be better off.
===2) It was Confucius who said that. He is trying to say a ruler needs to be loyal and honest in order so others can listen to his orders and obey it. But, if he is not loyal and honest then others won't listen to his or hers orders.=== ===3) It was Laozi who said that. He is trying to say good is an example of water. He is also saying that good or even higher good can put you anywhere at anytime with anyone and that it can also leave you off anywhere.===

__Chinese Poem__
11-01-11 Marshall Austin 11-03-11 History P3

__ The Great Inventions of China __ When the Chinese created inventions Putting us in outrageous dimensions So the gun powder was made Our world went on rampage To War When the Chinese began to invent It was much greater than cement So the paper was made Creating tablets to degrade Into Nothingness The Chinese made their creations They put others to disintegration And so The Great Wall was made Making a defense system being laid Seven Wonders of the World The Chinese continued to advance Causing others to pick up their lance And so competitions began With war and demands And so the Chinese put our world Farther then a step but a leap

__China Cyberhunt__
10-30-11/11-01-11 [|Discovery of Tea]

1. For how many years have the Chinese been drinking tea? They drank tea for more than four thousand years.

2. How was tea first used in China? Tea was first used as a medication.

3. In what dynasty did drinking tea become popular? It became popular during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

[|Chinese Inventions]

4. What year was the new invention of paper presented to the emperor? It was presented to the emperor in 105 AD.

1 5. What did the Chinese use to make paper? They used bamboo fiber for paper.

6. When did the Chinese invent movable type? They invented movable type in 1045 AD.

7. How many characters does the Chinese have in it? They used 3000 to 5000 characters.

8. When did the Chinese invent gun powder? They invented it in eighth century AD.

9. What did the Chinese use to make gun powder? Sulfur, charcoal, saltpeter (potassium nitrate).

10. What weapons did the Chinese use gun powder for? They used rockets, "mortars"(they shot it out of bamboo pipes) and many explosives

11. When were the first magnetic compasses used by Chinese ships? Magnetic compasses were used on ships in 13 century AD.

[|The Tang Dynasty]

Life means suffering It is impossible to live a life perfectly and therefore there are times when things don't turn out right. Furthermore, creating suffering. So it is impossible to live a life perfectly and each and every life will always remain incomplete and imperfect. Suffering is part of the formula to life and that is my point. The origin of suffering is attachment The beginning of suffering, the start of it, the spark that starts the fire of suffering is attachment. Then, when there's ignorance, it causes us to ignore what kinds of things we are attached to therefore making us forget what our mind is attached to. That is why attachment should not be forgotten making it the origin of suffering. The cessation of attachment is attainable It is possible to attain attachment but you must crave it. You can crave and covet attachment by nirodha. Meaning, sensual craving resulting in attachment.

32. What was the purpose of the Great Wall? The purpose of the Great Wall was to keep a lot of the Mongolians out because they kept trying to raid and
they had battles with them.

34. About how many men died working on the wall? It is estimated that 1 million people died working on the wall.
==== 35. What happened to the peasants who died while working on the wall? (You'll have to scroll down a bit to find this one.) Peasants would die working on the wall. Most of them died because they were worked to hard and they had minimum food. Others who survived would die after because of the beatings and things. And if they died they would be buried in the wall with cement. ====

[|Kublai Khan]
==== 38. Why was Kublai Khan different than other Chinese rulers? All the other Chinese Rulers were Land-Hungry and wanted to get as big as they can get but Kublai Khan focused on his empire and he focused on the foundations of it. ====

39. Who was Kublai Khan related to?
Kublai Khan was the grandson to the notorious Genghis Khan.

49. Why do you think people did not believe Marco? They probably didn't believe him because no ody had previously don't anything like that.
==== 50. What did Marco say on his deathbed? Marco Polo said: //" I believe it was God's will that we should come back, so that men might know the things that are in the world, since, as we have said in the first chapter of this book, no other man, Christian or Saracen, Mongol or pagan, has explored so much of the world as Messer Marco, son of Messer Niccolo Polo, great and noble citizen of the city of Venice."//====

__China Review__
Answer these questions in complete sentences using only the graphics / images.

//Timeline p. 162-263//
 * 1) Which dynasty unified China in 589? The dynasty that unified China in 589 the Sui Dynasty, A certain person named Yang Jian conquered and then unified China.
 * 2) When was the Yuan Dynasty founded, and by whom? The Yuan Dynasty was founded in 1279 and was founded by the Mongols.
 * 3) What else happened in the world around the time the Sui dynasty unified China? China's leaders gave order to commence the Grand Canal.

//Map p. 167//
 * 1) Which dynasty controlled the largest area? The Tang Dynasty controlled the largest area.
 * 2) Which dynasty built the Grand Canal? It was the Sui Dynasty built the Grand Canal.

//Empress Wu P. 168//
 * 1) Why do you think Empress Wu was never very popular? Because she choose her advisers to be based on their abilities and not their ranks.

//Map: Spread of Buddhism p. 169//
 * 1) From where did Buddhism reach China? Buddhism reached China from the Period of Disunion.

//Picture p. 171// //Chinese Inventions p. 174//
 * 1) Why do farmers sometimes build terraces? Some farmers create and build terraces so it could create level land for rice farming.
 * 1) What did paper do for the Chinese? It gave them the ability to write and document things.
 * 2) What did the Chinese first use gunpowder for? The Chinese used gun powder for fireworks
 * 3) What is the advantage of paper money over coins? Because they are easier to carry and they don't weigh a lot if you were to have a lot of money.

//Civil Service Exams p. 178-179//
 * 1) What are the people in the painting doing? They are writing on something.
 * 2) What was the point of the exams? So people could be sure that it was based on the persons ability and knowledge and just not because Jimmy's little brother has abilities and not just because Jimmy can do a lot.
 * 3) How did some people cheat? Some people payed others to do it for them or persuading people who correct the test.

//Map: Mongol Empire 1294 p. 181//
 * 1) What continent did the Mongol empire reach in the west? The Mongols reached Europe in the West.

//The Voyages of Zheng He p. 183//
 * 1) How did Zheng He’s crew make sure they had fresh food? Zeng He and his crew grew their own vegetables and they themselves created specialized containers to keep them fresh and they put the vegetables in there.

//The Forbidden City p. 184-185//
 * 1) In what ways did the Forbidden City show off the power and riches of the emperor? What they did was they had houses tiled with gold, they also carried him in a special chair and they celebrated a lot and they also were in tight formations and in lines correctly.

Marshall Austin
10-26-11

__What Do You Know About China?__
Well first off, they made the Great Wall of China. I know it was created to keep the Mongolians out and it is one of the "Seven Wonders of the World". They also had many battles with the Mongolians. they invented gun powder and made it for fireworks, however, people from Europe and the Americas turned it into a energy substance for war and their muskets and pistols. I also know gun powder is still being used today. I also know they were the first ones to portray the Yinglong dragon, and it is the only Chinese dragon portrayed with wings. They also speak Chinese and have over thousands or even more characters for their language. They have some sort of famous road that runs through their and that a lot of China's geography consists of mountainous regions and plains (valleys). Some practice the art of Kung Fu and they, currently, have a great economy and are strong in their stock market. I also know it has a pretty big population and a vast space of territory. That is all I know.

Mayan and Incan Civilization Project:
10-24-11 Hello everybody, this is my link to the movie and sorry I couldn't embed it. :( It was too long.

[|Link to Movie]

__Top Three Videos__ Cole) I like how you put it into a talk show sort of deal (just like I did). Abby) I liked how you had the scenario in a classroom and how you were exact to the point. Quinn) I like how the scenario took place in the wilderness and I liked the extra-credit war/battle scene. But I actually like every bodies We all did great!

If you can read this then I am awesome! And you can never destroy me!! I pown way more than Cole! JK